Plaque on the teeth

Plaque is the yellow-grayish, soft substance that sticks to the tooth surface with fixed and removable restorations. It is the organized biofilm that has been mainly composed of bacteria within the extracellular polysaccharides and the matrix of glycoproteins. This matrix had it impossible to take out these plaques by using sprays and rinsing. Materia Alba is the same with plaque, but it requires the organized structures of plaque and therefore simply displaced with sprays and rinses.

Even though all else had the tendency to develop materials Alba and plaque, through normal flossing or brushing these organized bacteria colonies are eliminated when disturbed from an oral cavity. Generally, the more effective is the flossing, brushing, and some other oral Homecare practice of a person is, the less plaque may accumulate over the teeth.

But, when, after 24 hours within an oral environment, biofilm stays undisturbed by flossing or brushing. It starts to absorb those mineral contents of saliva. By this calcium and phosphorus absorption from the saliva, the oral biofilm has been transformed from the easily removable and soft form into a harder substance called as calculus. It is typically called 'tartar' calculus gives the base for the new layer of plaque biofilms in settling in and building up over time. The Calculus can’t be detached by flossing or brushing.

Plaque build-up

As your gingival tissue is swelling, it’s not anymore giving that efficient seal between the outside environment and your teeth. The vertical space is made between the gums and the teeth, permitting new bacterial plaque biofilms to start migrating in the sulcus or that space in between the tooth and the gums. With healthy individuals, sulcus is not anymore than 3mm deep if measured with the periodontal probe. When your gingivitis stage continues, its capillaries within sulcus start to dilate, ensuing in more bleed when flossing, brushing or at dental appointment. It’s the body's trying to clear the infections from your tissues. Therefore, bleeding is usually accepted as the sign of the active oral infections. The tissue swelling can result in deep reading on the periodontal probing, until 4mm. With this 4 mm depth or greater, its vertical space between your surrounding gums and the teeth became known as the periodontal pocket. Since tooth floss and brush can’t reach the base of the gum pocket 4–5mm deep, the bacteria stagnate in the sites and had the chance to proliferate to periodontal disease making colonies.

The moment that the bacterial plaque had infiltrated a pocket, a transformation from biofilm to calculus continues. Its outcome in the ulceration of the tissue lining starts to break down a gum attachment to the teeth. The gingival attachment start to further loose as the bacterial plaques keeps on invading the space made through the swelling it made. This plaque finally transformed to calculus, and its procedure continues, ensuing in deposits beneath your gum, and the progress in pocket depth. When the depth of vertical spaces between the gums and the tooth reaches 5mm, there’s the change occurs. This make-up or bacterial morphology of the biofilm alters from the gram constructive aerobic bacteria discovered in the biofilm situated supragingivally, or over a gumline. Changing the gram optimistic bacteria of the broad oral flora had been obligate anaerobic gram denial bacteria. The bacteria are even more naturally destructive than the aerobic cousin. The cell wall of the gram negative bacteria contains endotoxins that allow the organisms to smash bone and gingival tissue even quicker. Periodontitis officially starts when the bacteria start to act, resulting with bone loss. The bone loss marked the gingivitis transition to the real periodontal disease. That is, the periodontal disease term can be similar to bone loss.